Teaching Kids to Count Money: A Step-by-Step Guide
Counting money is math children can see the point of straight away. It builds addition, subtraction, place value and decimals, and it's a life skill too. As more everyday payments become digital, children see less physical cash, so a little deliberate practice at home goes a long way. Here's a simple path from first coins to working out change.
Why is money trickier than it looks? When children count blocks, each one is worth one. With money, one coin can be worth 1, 5, 20 or more, so children have to count the value, not the number of coins. Size can be misleading too: in several countries a coin's size doesn't match its value. For example, the Australian $2 coin is smaller than the $1 coin, and a US dime is smaller than a nickel. Expect some early mix-ups and treat them as part of learning.
Step 1: Recognise coins and notes
Start by sorting a handful of real coins. Talk about colour, size, shape and the numbers printed on them. Play “Find me the coin worth 10” and “Which is worth more?” Keep it to two or three coin types at first, then add more.
Step 2: Count coins of one kind
Counting a pile of the same coin is skip counting in disguise. Five 10-cent coins? Count “10, 20, 30, 40, 50”. Start with coins worth 1, then 2, 5 and 10, so it lines up with the counting patterns children already know.
Step 3: Count mixed amounts
The big trick is to start with the coin worth the most and count on. For a pile with one 50, two 20s and a 5: say “50… 70, 90… 95”. Sorting the coins from highest to lowest value before counting makes this much easier.
Step 4: Work out change
Many children find subtraction hard here, so teach the shopkeeper's method: count up from the price to the amount paid. If something costs 65 and you pay with 100, count “65… 70 (that's 5), 80, 90, 100 (that's 30 more)”, so the change is 35. This method uses addition, which most children find easier. Our Addition Adventure and Subtraction Sprint games build the number skills behind it.
A rough guide by age
| Age | Typical skills |
|---|---|
| 5–6 | Recognise coins, know that coins have different values, count small amounts of one coin type |
| 6–7 | Count mixed coins, make the same amount in different ways |
| 7–9 | Add up prices, give change from whole amounts, use notes |
| 9–11 | Use decimal notation (such as 3.45), compare prices, simple budgeting |
Children move at different speeds, and school curricula vary, so use this as a loose guide.
Everyday ways to practise
- Play shop: price toys or snacks with sticky notes and take turns being the shopkeeper.
- Pay with cash sometimes: let your child hand over money for small purchases and check the change.
- Coin jars: count the coin jar together each month and record the total.
- Make it in more than one way: “How many ways can you make 50?” builds flexible thinking.
- Pocket money: even a small regular amount gives real reasons to count, save and compare prices.
Linking money to decimals
Money is often a child's first meeting with decimals. Explain that the dot separates whole dollars (or pounds, or rupees) from the smaller coins, and that there are 100 smaller units in one whole. So 2.50 means two whole units and fifty hundredths. This connection makes later decimal work feel much more familiar.
Frequently asked questions
How do I teach my child to count coins?
First help them recognise each coin and its value. Then practise counting coins of one kind by skip counting, and finally count mixed coins by starting with the coin worth the most and counting on.
What age should a child be able to count money?
Many children recognise coins at around 5 to 6, count mixed coins at 6 to 7, and work out change at about 7 to 9, although this varies.
What is the easiest way to work out change?
Count up from the price to the amount paid, the way shopkeepers often do. It turns a subtraction into an addition, which most children find easier.